Tellurian.



W. F. GUNSON & W. PARK.

TELLURIAN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1912.

Patented July 15, 1913.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

INVENTORS.

A TTORNE Y.

WITNESSES:

COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH 50., WASHINGTON. n. c.

w. P. GUNSON & W. PARK.

TELLURIAN.

APPLIQATION FILED 31113.10, 1912.

1,067,517. Patented July 15, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' I I WITNESSES: INVENTOR5.

Ill- 7 M ATTORNE Y.

COLUMBIA PLANUURAPH cu., WASHINGTON, n. c

UNITED STATES PATENT @FFT@ 1 WILLIAM F. GUNSON AND WILLIAM PARK, OFBRANTFOBD, ONTARIO, CANADA.

TELLURIAN.

Specification of Letters Patent. 7

Application filed February 10, 1912.

Patented July 15,1913. Serial No. 676,805.

To all 207mm, it may concern:

Be it known that we, \VILLIAM F. GUN- SON and IVILLIAM PARK, of the cityof :lrantford, in the Province of Ontarlo, Canada. have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Tellurians. of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to devices for displaying the relative movementsof the sun, earth and moon and the various phenomena which result fromsaid movements and the respective natures of the said bodies.

lVhile others have. previously devised tellurians which represented moreor less correctly the motions of the bodies referred to they have notwell represented such phenomena as the phases of the moon, eclipses ofthe moon and sun, the position of the moon in the visible heavens, theapparent position of the sun north or south of the equator, thedifference of time, the circle of illumination on the earth and as acorollary thereof the respective duration of day and night at differenttimes of the year and at diiferent latitudes and it is particularly inthe features of the device which relate to the illustration of thesephenomena that our invention lies.

Figure l is a side elevation, partly in sec tion, of our improvedtellurian. Fig. 2 s a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a verticalsection of partof the gearing for imparting the necessary movements tothe earth and moon. Fig. 4t is a vertical section of the upper part ofthe gearing, shown in Fig. 3, with connecting gearing complete. Fig. 5is a side elevation showing parts of the connecting gearing separated.Fig. 6 is a plan view of the gearing shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a planview of the eccentric and its connection for giving the moons orbit itsproper inclination. Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the primary gearingfor drlving the apparatus. Fig. 9 is a rear view of the inner sphere ofthe device representing the earth.

In the drawings like numerals of refer ence indicate corresponding partsin the different figures.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, 1 represents a suitable standon which is supported a stationary crown wheel 2 preferably cut with 365teeth. 3 is a spindle supporting a sphere 4 representing the sun. Thismay be either opaque and colored to represent the sun, or elsetranslucent and provided in its interior with an electric lamp 5 orother source of illumination. On the spindle 3 is journaled the arm 6carrying the earth and moon as hereinafter described. lVithin this armis journaled a shaft 7 having secured thereto adjacent the crown wheel 2a pinion 8 meshing with the gear wheel 9 secured to the spindle 10journaled in a bracket 11 depending from the arm 6. This spindle hassecured thereto, the pinion 12 meshing with the crown wheel 2. Thespindle 10 carries the sleeve 13 loose thereon, but engageable fordriving pur poses with the gear wheel 9 through the medium of the clutch14, half of which is formed on the sleeve and the other half on the hubof the gear wheel. IVhen the clutch is engaged as shown in Fig. 1, thearm 6 may be rotated about the spindle 3 by op erating the crank arm 15secured to the sleeve 13. The shaft 7 has secured thereto, the gearwheel 16 meshing with the pinion 17 fast on a spindle 18 journaled insuitable bearings on the arm 6. This spindle by means of the bevelgearing 19 drives the sleeve 20 journaled on the spindle 3 and carryingthe pointer 21 which is thus movable over the face of a 24-hour dial 22supported from the arm 6. The gearing is so proportioned that thepointer completes a circuit of the dial during such time as the arm 6has been moved one three hundred and sixty-fifth part of a revolutionabout the spindle 3. As, particularly for the purpose of teaching timeit is sometimes desirable to be able to impart a slow movement to thepointer 21 we provide the sleeve 13 with the gear wheel 23 which throughan endwise movement of the sleeve can be brought directly into mesh withthe gear wheel 16. A much slower drive is thus given to the shaft 7 andconsequently to the pointer 21 than when the driving is through themedium of the gears 8 and 9.

The earth and moon are carried on the arm 6 and their movements impartedto them from the shaft 7 through the medium of the constructions we willnow describe.

A bracket 24 is formed at the end of the arm 6 and this bracket carriesthevertical stationary sleeve 25. In this sleeve is journaled thespindle 26 which has the bevel gear wheel 27 secured to its upper end.Surrounding the upper end of the spindle 26 is a sleeve 28 to which issecured the bracket 29 in which is journaled the polar axis 30 of theearth. This polar axis is set at the proper inclination and carries thebevel gear wheel 31 meshing with the bevel gear wheel 27. The polar axisof the earth may thus be rotated once to one revolution of the pointer21 representing 24 hours or one day. As the polar axis mustbe maintainedin a constant direction while the arm 6 is being rotated about thespindle 3 gea ring must be provided for that purpose. The lower end ofthe sleeve 28 has the gear wheel 32 secured thereto. This gear wheelmeshes with. the pinion 33 secured to and revolving with the gear wheel84 suitably journaled on the casing 35. This gear wheel 34 has meshingtherewith the pinion 36 fast on the spindle 37 journaled in the casing35. This spindle carries the gear wheel. 38 meshing with the pinion 89fast on the spindle 26. Through the train of gearing described thesleeve 28 is so rotated as to maintainthe polar axis of the earthpointing in a constant direction in space.

Before describing the specific construction of the earth we will fullydescribe the remaining gearing which is used to impart the necessarymovements to the moon.

Below the pinion 89 is located the gear wheel 40 secured to the sleeve41 surrounding the stationary sleeve 25. The lower end of this sleevecarries the eccentric 42. Be low the gear wheel 40 is located the gearwheel 43 secured to the sleeve 44 surroundingthe sleeve 41. This sleeve44 carries the bracket 45 on which is hinged the arm 47 carrying themoon. This arm 47 is pivoted at its outer end on the sleeve 48. By thuspivoting the arm 47 a vertical rocking move ment may be imparted theretoto give the desired inclination of the moons orbit. The rocking movementis imparted through the medium of the eccentric strap 49 connected bymeans of a suitable universal joint with the depending arm 50 formed onthe arm 47 The gear wheels 40 and 48 are actuated to give the desiredmovements to the sleeve 44 and the sleeve 48 through the medium of thegearing which will be now described.

On the spindle 37 is secured the pinion 51 meshing directly with thegear wheel 43 on the sleeve 44. On the spindle 87 is also secured thepinion 52 which meshes with the gear wheel 58 suitably journaled on theeasing 85 and having secured thereto the pinion 54 which meshes with thegear wheel 40 secured to the sleeve 41. These gears are all suitablyproportioned to give the proper timing to the various motions desired.

The sleeve 48 is maintained in its vertical position, while the arm 47is being rocked through the medium of the eccentric, by means of aparallel motion device constructed substantially as follows: The lowerend of the sleeve is pivotally connected to the arm 55, the inner end ofwhich is pivotally connected with the sleeve 56, free to revolve on thestationary sleeve 25. The moon is formed of an outer transparent sphere57 which is secured to the upper end of the sleeve 48. Thus as thesleeve is carried around the earth the same side of the transparentsphere 57 is presented to the earth which, of course, represents actualconditions.

To represent the phases of the moon we employ an inner sphere 58. Thismay have one side dark and the other side translucent and a lamp 59 maybe employed to illuminate the interior. Otherwise one side will be darkand the other finished in white or silver. To represent the phases ofthe moon, the translucent or silvery side of the inner sphere mustbemaintained constantly pointing toward the sun. For this purpose thefollowing gearing is employed: Within the sleeve 48 is journaled thespindle 60 the lower end of which is connected by bevel gearing 61 withthe spindle 62 journaled in the arm 55. The inner end of the spindle isprovided with the bevel pinion 63 meshing with the stationary bevel gear64 secured to the stationary sleeve 25. To permit of the rockingmovement of the arm 55 it is neces sary that its pivot be located asnearly as possible in line wit-h the intersection of the pitch circleson the bevel gearing.

The earth is constructed substantially as follows: The polar axis 30 issecured to a sphere 65 which is transparent or at least translucent andhas outlined thereon lines of latitude and longitude and the landsurfaces of the globe and such other of the physical characteristics ofthe earth as may seem desirable. This sphere thus rotates with the polaraxis. Within the sphere 65 is located the inner sphere 66. This spherewill be made of reflecting material, one hemisphere being dark in colorwhile the other is silvery or of some other light shade. This innersphere is connected, as shown, to the sleeve 67 secured to the casing85. This casing and sleeve maintain a constant position relative to thearm 6 and therefore the bright side of the inner sphere 66 will alwaysbe presented toward the sun and as it is readily seen through the outertransparent sphere 65 an exact representation is given of theilluminated and non-illuminated portions of the earths surface. Themovement of the polar axis relative to the inner sphere and of thesleeve 67 relative to the outer sphere necessitates a circular openingbeing left in the top of the inner sphere and the bottom of the outersphere, as indicated. These gaps may, however, be substantially filledup by means of the disks 68 and 69, leaving only annular openings in thesurfaces of the spheres. The disk 68 may be supported by means of thevertical olar axis 30.

om the various mechanisms described re-follows that the earth may berotated around the sun in a period representing 365 days while thepointer 21 has moved 365 times around the dial 22. At the same time themoon has been revolved 12 times about the earth, constantly maintainingthe same side of the outer sphere 57 presented to the earth and thesupposedly illuminated side of the inner sphere 58 toward the sun. Atthe same time both spheres have been simultaneously raised and loweredto give their orbit the desired inclination of 5.9 degrees to the orbitof the earth. The direction of inclination also remains constantrelative to the earths axis so that phenomenon of eclipse seasons iswell represented. The sphere representing the earths surface has alsobeen rotating synchronously with the pointer 21.

An important result of the special con struction of the earth is that onthe surface of the inner sphere 66 the reflection of the moon may beseen and the reflections exhibit exactly the appearance of the moon inthe sky as it passes through its various phases from new to full. Thisis true whether the moon be between the sun and the earth or the earthbetween the sun and the moon. For the purpose of indicating thephenomenon of a lunar eclipse, the center of the dark hemisphere of thesphere 66 may have a dark non-reflective circular patch formedthereon.hen the reflection of the full moon approaches this patch it graduallydisappears and the phenomenon of an eclipse is represented as indicatedin Fig. 9. Another advantage follows from the use of this re fleetingsphere 66; that is, to an observer standing in the position of the sunsphere at the latter is seen reflected in this sphere 66 and theposition of the sun relative to the equator at any time of the year isactually seen.

IVhile it would be easy to elaborate the description of the variousfunctions of this apparatus, suflice it to say that all the relativemovements of the sun, moon and earth may be represent-ed and all thephenomena resulting therefrom satisfactorily shown and explained. Manyphonomena are shown as observed from two points of view. On thereflecting surface of the earth they appear as seen from the earth,while the observer at the same time sees them as they would appear froma view point in space, thus making it possible to widen the scope of theteaching of astronomical geography in public schools. The mechanismitself is simple, positive, automatic, and chain drive is avoided.

hat we claim as our invention is 1. In a tellurian an earth globecomprising a highly reflecting spherical mirror in combination with abright sun globe, and means for carrying the reflecting sphere about thesun globe.

2. In a tellurian an earth globe formed as a highly reflecting sphericalmirror in combination with a bright sun globe; means for carrying thespherical mirror about the sun globe; a moon globe having a bright anddark hemisphere, and means for carrying the moon globe about the earthglobe, the sun and moon globes being so proportioned and placed as togive reflected images of approximately the same size.

In a tellurian an earth globe comprising a reflecting sphere, and atranslucent sphere surrounding the reflecting sphere and having markedthereon outlines of physical features of the earths surface incombination with a bright sun globe and means for carrying thereflecting sphere about the sun globe.

4:. In a tellurian an earth globe comprising a reflecting sphere onehalf being light in color and the other half dark, the dark half havinga central non-reflecting circular spot formed thereon.

5. In a tellurian an earth globe compris ing a reflecting sphereone-half being light in color and the other dark and a translucentsphere surrounding the reflecting sphere having marked thereon outlinesof the physical features of the earths surface, in combination with asun globe; means for carrying the reflecting sphere about the sun globewith its light colored hemisphere always presented thereto; and meansfor rotating the translucent sphere on an axis in-.

clined at substantially the angle of the axis of the earth to the planeof its orbit.

6. In a tellurian the combination of an earth globe; a moon globecomprising an inner part having a dark hemisphere, and an outertranslucent sphere; means for carrying the outer sphere about the earthglobe with the same side constantly pre sented thereto; means forcarrying the earth in an orbit about a center; and means for turning theinner part to present its dark hemisphere constantly away from thecenter of the earths orbit.

7. In a tellurian the combination of an arm; an earth globe carriedthereby; a support about which said arm swings; driving gearingconnected with the support and the arm for swinging the latter; a dialcarried by said arm; a pointer adapted to move over the dial; andgearing connected with the driving gearing adapted to rotate the pointer365 times about the dial to one complete movement of the arm about itssupport.

8. In a tellurian the combination of an arm; an earth globe carriedthereby; a support about which said arm swings; driving I gearingconnected with the support and the arm for swinging the latter; a dialcarried by said arm; a pointer adapted to move over the dial; gearingconnected with the driving gearing adapted to rotate the pointer timesabout the dial to one complete movement of the arm about its support,and means connected with the driving gearing adapted to rotate the earthglobe in synchronism with the pointer.

9. In tellurian the combination of a moon globe support; a sleeverotatable on a suitable bearing parallel to the moon globe support; anarm pivoted on said sleeve and the moon globe support; a second armpivotally connected to the moon globe support; a second, sleeverotatable on the same axis as the first sleeve and to which the secondarm is pivoted; an eccentric between the two sleeves; an arm extendingfrom one of the aforesaid arms and having an operative connection withthe eccentric; means for rotating the first-mentioned sleeve to swingthe arm rotating the eccentric to rock the said arm.

10. In a tellurian the combination of a moon globe support; a pair ofparallel a one end of each of'zwhich is pivotally connected therewith; arotatable supportingmeans to which the other ends of the said arms areconnected; a fixed bevel gear concentric with the supporting means; aspindle carried by one of said rods; a bevel pinion fixed thereonmeshing with the aforesaid gear wheel; a bevel pinion fixed at its otherend; a moon globe actuating spindle journaled in the moon globe support;and a bevel gear fixed thereon meshing with the said pinion.

Brantford this 3rd day of February, 1912.

WILLIAM F. GUNSON. WILLIAM PARK. Signed in the presence of CATHERINEPARK,

J. O. C. SMYTI-I.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

connected thereto; and means for

